About Us ♥

Subgroup 2  (NR0906) consists of 6 amazing individuals:

♥Alice Ng (091360N)

♥Aye khaing (090244Z)

♥Francina Paul (092709A)

♥Jaseema Begum (091996A)

♥Khaw Jinhui (090984A)

♥Serene Tay ( 092410A)

♥Research Focus

The topic we are going to investigate is: "Blood pressure readings between Right arm and right leg equal?"

1)Introduction to Blood Pressure

Blood pressure measurement is the non-invasive measurement of the pressure exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of the body's arteries. The purpose of non-invasive blood pressure measurement is to detect any changes from normal values, which may indicate disease. Measurement is also performed to monitor the effectiveness of medication and other methods used to control elevated blood pressure.

Blood pressure should be routinely checked every one to two years and may be monitored more closely during illnesses that affect blood pressure or during medical treatments which may change blood pressure. Blood pressure is usually recorded by measuring the force of the blood during the contraction of the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart) as blood is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body (systolic pressure), and during the period when the heart is relaxed between beats and pressure is lowest (diastolic pressure).

The normal values for blood pressure measurement is a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 70–80 mm Hg

2)The reason behind this experiment

Blood pressure is a vital sign to assess the presence of blood rate,which is symptomatic of various pathophysiology. (e.g. hypertension)Certain routes are contraindicated in some cases .(e.g. Injury arm/IV shunt)Asses if we are able to take Blood pressure taking is interchangeable if  either arm or leg is 

disabled.

Thus, finding out the relationship between a person's right arms blood pressure reading and their right leg’s reading , we can use it  to predict the Bp on one site when the other is disabled.

♥Literature Review

The purpose of literature review is to allow us to gain insight into similar research that has already been tried and tested. In doing so, we can get a better challenges were overcome, and also consider factors understanding of what to expect, learn from how some 

that did not cross our mind

Our Findings

1)Regarding Right arm & right leg's Blood pressure 

reading & its relationship individually

2)Other extraneous factors affecting blood pressure 

readings

-Alcohol

-Caffeine

-Full bladder

-Anxiety

-Excitement and pain

♥The Basics

Our Contents:

1) Variables

2) Conceptualization

3) Operationalization

4) Hypotheses

5) Sample size

6) Procedure

1)Variables :

                 -Right arm blood pressure reading(scale)

                    -Right leg blood pressure reading(scale)

2)Conceptualization:

 Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels, and is one of the principal vital sign.

Systolic: The highest pressure within the bloodstream, occurring during each heart beat, because of the systole.

.

Diastolic:Is the period of time when the heart fills with blood after systole (contraction)

3)Operationalization:

Blood pressure is measured using a BP machine.

 For our case we have decided to use the Digital machine.

----> rolled up the sleeve(ARM)

---> rolled up the pants till the cuff (LEG)

---->Before taking readings rest for five minutes. You should be sitting down, preferably at a desk with your arm/leg resting on a firm surface

---->The deflated cuff needs to be tight, but not too tight. You should be able to insert two fingers between it and the skin

----->keep still and silent whilst the reading is taken. Moving and talking can affect the reading

----->Take two or three readings each about two minutes apart. If you take two readings disregard the first and use the second, if you take three readings disregard the first and take an average of the second and third

*Record the reading either in the memory of the machine or on computer or paper. Make sure you keep accurate records – some people are tempted to round the numbers up or down, or to record a lower blood pressure. This can affect your treatment and therefore your long-term risk of stroke and heart attack. Also record any medications you have taken and when, and any other information such as whether you have just eaten or exercised.

4)Hypotheses:

H1 :There is a significant, positive relationship between a person’s arm reading and leg's blood pressure reading.

H0 : There is no significant relationship between a person’s arm reading and leg's blood pressure reading.

5)Sample size:

We selected 10 males and 10 females by accidental / convenience sampling.
There were no specific age group or ethnicity

6)Procedure:

2 Digital blood pressure set of the same model were used.
right arm and leg's blood pressure readings were taken concurrently

♥Data Collection

Step 1

Ensure the Blood pressure sets(same brand, same 

model) are in good working condition to ensure accuracy.

Also for hygiene purpose we used Wipes to wipe the cuff wrapper before each readings on our clients.

Step 2

Approach our Clients.

Explain that we are taking blood pressure readings for a research project.

Obtain consent to carry out the procedure.

Ensure that our client did not do vigorous activity, or take part in any other activity which may lead to in accuracy in our blood pressure reading

Step 3

For Right arm&Right leg blood pressure measurement:

Roll up the sleeve,wipe the wrap with wet wipes and wrap the arm.(Not too tight)Press "ON" and wait for reading to come.

Fold the bottom of the pants and wrap the wiped wrap around subject's cuff(not too tight)Press "ON" and wait for readings to appear.

    *Attempt the reading twice for in case of accuracy purposes*

Step 4

Obtain the readings for the right arms and legs,document it.

Share the readings with the subject and Thank them for their cooperation

♥Findings

Contents

1)Scatter plot

2)Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (Pearson's r)

3)Linear Regression

1.Scatter plot

The scatter plot graph is used to test for linearity and homogenous variance of the 2 variables, these being two of the assumptions to be made before using Pearson's r

The upwards sloping nature of the fit indicates that there is a positive correlation between the 2 variables.

Thus,the scatter plot graph shows that the relationship between right arm and right leg is strong,negative one.Now that the 2 variables are shown to have a linear relationship and having the same variability.

2.Pearson's Correlation coefficient (Pearson's r)

According to the Pearson's r correlation coefficient it is moderately strong relationship between the arm and the leg blood pressure reading.The diagram indicates a correlation coefficient of 0.499,which indicates a moderately strong relationship between the blood pressure of the right arm and the right leg readings.

        As indicated from the SPSS data, Pearson's r =0.621 , which indicates a positive, moderately strong and significant relationship.

3)Liner Regression

Now that we know the 2 variables are correlated, we can use one value of one variable to predict the value of the other by deriving a linear equation from the computed data

♥Overall Reflection

ALICE'S REFLECTION -♥-

This is the first time i came across statistics and i really find it hard in the first place but day by day, i slowly get to know more about statistics. It is a real challenge and a hard one too. As time goes by, i get to understand statistics in a better way. More practices did improved on my statistics, therefore i find it very challenging and engaging. Most of all, i would like to thank Ms Chia for her guidance. :)

AYE KHAING'S REFLECTIONS -♥-

This module is very effective for us. And this has been a challenging module for me. But I was very happy with this module. I was interested in this module a lot. So thank u so much Ms.Chia for your guidance. And u was really patience for all of us. I really appreciated  !! J

FRANCINA'S REFLECTION -♥-

At the starting of the module I could not understand anything about the module despite the fact that I did pay attention. As days went by I understood the topics and realized its importance to nursing. It actually proves itself to be useful in paperwork and even makes way for clear statistics data presentation. I am happy to be equipped with the knowledge of this topic.

JASEEMA'S REFLECTION -♥-

 This module has been my challenging module among all the modules for this semester.Despite i'm not that strong in this module,it helped me to learn more dept on the usage of SPSS.This module made me realize that part of the nurse's role is to constantly innovate and come up with new theories and ideas for better healthcare.SPSS also helps me easily organize the data i've collected and many results can be generated from the collection.It can also simplify the data and plotting it on graphs,which make its more easier for me to understand. Thanks for the guide Ms Chia (:

KHAW JINHUI'S REFLECTION-♥-

This module has been a really challenging module among all I have taken for the past 2 years. Despite all the wrong paths we have taken but we still manage to get into the right path and head back into the main track. We did put in our time and effort into doing this and I am sure that it is the hardest module for me to cope so far but I am willing to give my best to score. Most of all I have to thank Ms Chia for all the effort in teaching us again and again due to my weak understanding for statistics. Thank you Ms Chia once again. ;D

SERENE TAY'S REFLECTION-♥-

For once when i get to know we have to take statistics as a module, i really wonder why is there a need for nurses! This is also a difficult module for me as i do not really understand what statistics is even after multiple lectures. I only understand after i really study through the topic and statistics is really a useful module which will really help me in future. Thank Miss Chia for the help(: